Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced CARDIAC life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the CARDIAC or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced CARDIAC life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

In modern PET/CT systems, the CT provides a fast and relatively noise-free attenuation map and improving lesions localization and the possibility of accurate quantitative analysis. In CARDIAC imaging, there is a strong attenuation gradient along the myocardial free wall, with muscle next to the air of the lung space and heart has movement and located in the place that move due to breathing cause misalignment increases in this area. If MISALIGNMENTS occur along these boundaries, the attenuation correction factors are potentially inaccurate, causing as much as a 60% error in the PET tracer emission image in the critical regions of diagnostic interest. Artifacts caused by misalignment are particularly disconcerting in CARDIAC imaging because they can present themselves as perfusion abnormalities or erroneous information on myocardial viability. In This paper the accuracy of some CT protocols such as gated, normal (a high-pitch helical CT), slow ct, low-temporalresolution helical CT, time-averaged CT (ACT), ultra low dose CT that normally used for attenuationcorrection in PET/CT were compared, moreover the image quality and dose that induced to patient from each protocols. Acquiring a slow CT improved registration between the transmission and emission. Potential for a heightened radiation dose delivered by the slow CT was compensated by doubling the default noise index and increasing the slice thickness to 5 mm. In the low-dose average cine CT, Further reduction in dose is possible by lowering the upper threshold of the auto-mA settings or modulation of the CT tube current based on anatomy. ACT protocols consist of multiple images acquired sequentially (also referred to as cine or axial) along the bed length over the span of one or more respiratory cycles. 2% average increase in ACT-PET rest reconstruction values compared the HCT-PET rest reconstruction values was slightly higher than the bias calculated. Contrary to the HCT protocol, the ACT protocol provides more flexibility in addressing artifacts such as varying the respiratory phases used to create the time-averaged CT to suppress respiratory artifacts. In addition, photon starvation can be addressed by optimizing the acquisition parameters, such as increasing the tube voltage and current in patients with high BMI values. Ultra-low-dose CT’s shorter duration and the lower radiation and revealed no severe shift of the myocardium between the CT-based transmission and the emission in the patients.

Leonurus CARDIACa is a medicinal plant of the family Lamiaceae, due to the effects of blood dilutioning, the species is used for centuries. The species has a high diversity and widely distributed in Iran, so that from 4 sub species in the world, 3 sub-species are grown in Iran. In this study AFLP markers were used to investigate genetic diversity among 47 samples of 6 motherwort populations and the kinship ties between them. The results showed that 6 selected AFLP primer combinations (MseI /EcoRI) amplified 608 scorable DNA bands, of which 355 were polymorphic (polymorphic 58%). The average genetic similarity of samples was estimated based on the Nei coefficient, 0.26 (0.21-0.30). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation was mainly within populations (57%), but variance among the populations was only 43%. A UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance also revealed five major branches in accordance to geographical regions. Maximum and minimum values of genetic similarity of the populations were recorded between “Taleghan 6” and “Taleghan 7” (0.7) and “Dargaz 1” and “Taleghan 7” (0.06) respectively. Data showed a completely different banding pattern of subspecies L. CARDIACa subsp Turkestanicus. of Dargaz region. Coefficient of genetic differentiation among the populations (Gst) and gene flow (Nm), average number of emigration exchanged per generation estimated among the populations, were estimated 0.37 and 0.85, respectively.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a prevalent disease and has a great economic impact on health systems. CARDIAC Resynchronization Therapy (CRT), which synchronize biventricular contraction, is one of the most important therapies in these patients. Despite the exact selection of patients about 30% of patients do not respond to CRT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the O2 saturation and the pressure level of right side of heart and Coronary Sinus (CS) vein to predict the response to CRT.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 30 patients were candidate for implantation of CRT echocardiography. The 6 Minute Walk Test (6MW), right side and CS O2 saturation and pressure study was done before implantation. Echocardiography and 6MW repeated 6 months later. Based on response to the CRT, patients were divided into two groups: “responder and non-responder”. Date were compared between groups.Results: O2 saturation was significantly lower in responders than non-responders. In non-responder patients the Right Ventricular (RV) and Pulmonary Artery (PA) Pressure was significantly higher than responders. Desaturation of CS blood flow in responders was probably due to higher levels of viable tissue which involve in contraction. Increase in right side and PA pressure in non-responders might be due to severity of heart failure which made CRT not effective in these patients.Conclusion: Evaluation of O2 saturation of CS blood flow, RV and PA pressure can use as an index in predicting the response to CRT and can help as additional indices in selection of patients with borderline indications for implanting CRT.

Historically, biomarkers have been used in two major ways to maintain and improve better health status: first, for diagnostic purposes, and second, as specific targets to treat various diseases. A new era in treatment and even cure for the some diseases using reprograming of somatic cells is about to be born. In this approach, scientists are successfully taking human skin cells (previously considered terminally-differentiated cells) and re-programming them into functional CARDIAC myocytes and other cell types in vitro. A cell reprograming approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases will revolutionize the field of medicine and significantly expand the human lifetime. Availability of a comprehensive catalogue for CARDIAC biomarkers is necessary for developing cell reprograming modalities to treat CARDIAC diseases, as well as for determining the progress of reprogrammed cells as they become CARDIAC cells. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of the CARDIAC biomarkers currently known.